UKUFA KUNYE NEDAGUERREOTYPE: ILIZWE ELIMANGALISAYO KUNYE NELINGAZINZISIYO KWIVICTORIAN PHOTOGRAPHY

Ukuhamba Iifoto zikaVictorian zityhila ukuthanda ukungafi.

Imifanekiso ngoncedo lukaLee Marks noJohn C.DePrez, Omnci., Indiana

Ukuba nokunxanwa okungunaphakade kwesikhumbuzo kunye nokukhumbula, inkulungwane ye-19 yaphenjelelwa kukuthanda kukaVictoria ngobumoya kunye neendlela zokuqala zokufota. Ukuqaliswa kweuhlobo lwedaguerreotype, ubuchwephesha bokufota ngenkulungwane ye-19, banceda amaVictoria ukuba afote iifoto ezibukekayo zabathandekayo ezibonisa indlela abakujonga ngayo ukusondelelana nokufa. Ixesha le-Victorian labona ukukhula kweendlela ezimbini ezoyikekayo zokufota, enye ngoku esiyibiza ngokuba ngoomama abafihlakeleyo, iifoto zesiporho zabazali ezifihlwe ngasemva kwezigqubuthelo kunye nezinye, ezasemva kokubhubha ezifoteimifanekiso yomfi. Ngexesha apho ukupeyinta kwakubiza kakhulu, uyilo lwe-daguerreotype lwaluyindlela efikelelekayo yokukhumbula kunye nokuhlonipha umntu omthandayo.

Imifanekiso ngoncedo lukaHans P. Kraus Jr., eNew York

Umama ofihliweyo wokufota ligama langoku xa oomama baseVictorian bazifihla ngasemva kwezikhuselo babamba umntwana wabo ngelixa umfoti ethatha umfanekiso obude obude. Oku kwakuyimfuneko ngenxa yenkqubo yokucotha yokucoca i-daguerreotype. Abantwana abadala babanjwa ngocingo olubotshelelwe esihlalweni, kodwa abantwana neentsana zazincinci kakhulu kwaye zingakhuli ngenxa yoko, ke abazali, abagutyungelwe mnyama, kwafuneka bababambe ngokwabo ukuqinisekisa ukuba usana alunakushukuma ngesiquphe kwaye luphazamise umfanekiso . Abazali babebekwe ngobunono emva kweekhethini okanye izitulo, ngamanye amaxesha bekhutshiwe emfanekisweni, okanye ngamanye amaxesha 'babonakala' bebonisa kuphela izandla okanye iingalo zabo, benika imbonakalo yomntu ongaqhelekanga, okrakra okomntu ofana nomfanekiso ngamnye.

Imifanekiso ngoncedo lukaHans P. Kraus Jr., eNew York

Inkulungwane ye-19 yayilixesha apho ukufa kwamkelwa kwaye konke kuqheleke kakhulu kubomi obuqhelekileyo obuphakathi kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Umqokeleli wenkulungwane ye-19 neye-20 yokufota, UHans Kraus Jr. uxelela Iprojekthi yaBadali, Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-19 ukuxakeka kukufa kubambe nkqi macala omabini eAtlantic. Ngenxa yamanqanaba aphezulu okusweleka kwenkulungwane, ngakumbi kwiintsana nabantwana, ukufa bekuhlala kubonwa njengokubonakaliswa kokuthanda kukaThixo. Kuba ukufa kwakusenzeka rhoqo ekhaya, amava abelwana ngawo onke amalungu osapho kwaye abhalwa kwaye akhunjulwa. U-Kraus Jr. uyaqhubeka, ukubonakaliswa kokulila, iifoto zasemva kokubhubha, zaba sisikhumbuzo esamkelekileyo kwaye babeyinxalenye yenkqubo yokulila yexesha.

Imifanekiso ngoncedo lukaHans P. Kraus Jr., eNew York

Ukufota emva kwesidumbu nako kwakudumile ngexesha lama-Victorian. As uKraus Jr. ucacisa, Ukufota emva kwesidumbu kuthuthuzele abo bafelweyo kwaye kukhunjulwa abafileyo. Ifoto yayiyinto ebonakalayo emele umntu ongasekhoyo kwaye inokubanjwa okanye inxitywe kufutshane nomzimba. Ukuthunyelwa ziintsapho ezibuhlungu, iifoto zasemva kokubhubha zihlala zimela ukukhunjulwa okubonakalayo komfi kwaye beziphakathi kwezinto ezixabisekileyo zosapho. Apha, abantwana abakule mifanekiso yokufa emva komzimba bajonga ngokungathi balele, kodwa enyanisweni bafile kwaye babanjwe ziipropu okanye amalungu osapho. Ngamaxesha athile umfoti wayeqinisekisa ukuba amehlo ahlala evulekile okanye abapeyinte kwiinkophe zabo ezivaliweyo ukuze babonakale ngathi bayaphila. Rhoqo kunokuba kunjalo, umfoti wayecelwa ukuba athabathe enye yeendlela ezimbini: uxolo, ukulala komntu othandekayo, okanye obabonisa ukuba bayaphila kwaye bayaphila.

Kwakungaphelelanga nje ukuba le mifanekiso ibe sisikhumbuzo esichazayo somfi, nganye yayihlala ibekwa ngezona mpahla zintle, iintyatyambo, iithoyi nezinto zokuhombisa, zibonisa ubutyebi bosapho, kunye nokuba umntu oswelekileyo wayexabisa ntoni xa babephila. U-Kraus Jr. uthi, Iifoto zasemva kokubhubha zagcinwa kwiitafile zempahla kunye neelokhwe zokunxiba nakwiialbham zosapho. Baye bathunyelwa nakwizalamane zabo ezikude kunye neengxelo ezibhaliweyo zokufa. Njengokuba ukufota kwakusayinto esandula ukwenziwa, engasoloko ifikeleleka okanye ifumaneka ngokubanzi, bekukho amathuba ancitshisiweyo okuhlala kwifoto yobomi yiyo loo nto ukugunyazisa umfanekiso womntu oswelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu.