Ngo-2013, ubomi bam bokugaya ukutya buye kwi-crap, phantse ngokwenyani. Ndaqala ukuba neziqendu ezingaqhelekanga apho isisu sam sasinokuziva ngathi siyazityumza, sindishiya ndigobile kwigumbi lokuhlambela kangangeeyure. Emva koko, bendiya kuthi gqi ndiphume ndirhangqe iingalo zam, okanye ndijikeleze umlomo. Ngamanye amaxesha umqala wam wawuziva uxineke kakhulu, awonelanga ukubangela iingxaki zokuphefumla, kodwa ukwanele ukundikhupha. Ndafuna ugqirha ozondixelela ukuba kuqhubeka ntoni.
Wandibeka kukutya okuphelisayo, xa uyeka ukutya ezona zinto zisisibhozo zokutya, kwaye wenza idinga lokuba ndivavanyelwe ukutya komzimba. Andizange ndibenayo nantoni na ngaphambili (nangona ndinganyamezelani ne-lactose), ke bendikrokrela ukuba ukutya kungoyena nobangela.
Kodwa emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, wandinika iindaba: Siyavuyisana, ndandingadibani nesoyiya. (Oko ndikungqinile kaninzi ngokuphinda-phindiweyo ngengozi nangendlela ebuhlungu.)
Ndayitya isoya kubo bonke ubuntwana bam. Umama ngumTshayina kwaye wayepheka kakhulu: isosi yesosi, itofu, edamame, itempeh — sasidla ngokuzibandakanya kwisoy smorgasbord. Kwakunokwenzeka njani ukuba ngesiquphe ndiphikwe kukugula?
Impendulo kagqirha wam: andazi.
Ukutya okutyayo sisifo esingaqondakaliyo, kwaye mhlawumbi eyona nto siyaziyo ngoku kukuba ziyanda-kakhulu njengeepesenti ezingama-20 kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Isifundo ephume kwiveki yokuqala ka-2019 ngo T Ijenali yeAmerican Medical Association (JAMA) uxele ukuba kuvavanyo lwabantu abadala base-40,443 base-US, kuqikelelwa ukuba i-10.8 yeepesenti kubo babenokutya okwaliwa kukutya, kwaye phantse isiqingatha sabo bantu babenokutya okukhawulelana nokutya okuye kwabakho sele bebadala. Ikota yabo, njengam, yayingazange ibe nokutya okwaliwa ngumntwana.
Yayindimangalisa loo nto, utshilo umbhali wokuqala uRuchi Gupta, unjingalwazi wezifo zabantwana kunye namayeza kwisibhedlele iLurie Children & apos; s kuMntla-ntshona weyeza. Ungayichaza into yokuba ubuncinci isiqingatha sabantu abadala bathwala ukutya kwabo badle ukutya kubadala. Kwaye kukho & ampos; eli [qela] longezelelweyo liphuhlisa iincindi zokutya kubantu abadala.
IGupta iyangqina yimeko edidayo kwizigulana. Siyazibuza kuthi, kwenzeka ntoni kwimizimba yethu? Yintoni etshintshileyo?
UCathryn Nagler, isazinzulu kunye noprofesa kwiYunivesithi yaseChicago, uthi isantya apho ukutya komzimba kuye kwanyusa iimeko ezithile. I-hypothesis yethu kukonyuka kokuxhaphaka akunakuba yimfuza, undixelela. Imfuza ayinikezeli kwaye ayitshintshi ngokukhawuleza. Kuya kufuneka ngenxa yendalo esingqongileyo.
Undixelela ukuba yena, kunye nabanye, bacinga ukuba ukunyuka komzimba kuyacaciswa yimeko yokusingqongileyo etshintsha i-microbiome yethu, ibhaktiriya ehlala emizimbeni yethu.
Abona baphuli-mthetho babini? Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwee-antibiotics kunye nokuphulukana nefayibha yokutya kwizidlo zethu, utshilo uNagler. Nokuba uyaziphepha ngokwakho ii-antibiotics, azizinzi ngokufanelekileyo njengeziyobisi, kwaye zikhona ekutyeni okungaphezulu nakukubonelelwa ngamanzi kunokuba wena ungafuni ukwazi. Ukuphulukana nefayibha yokutya ekutyeni kubonwe kuhle ngokungaguquguqukiyo. Abantu baseMelika badume ngokuthanda ukutya okukhawulezayo, okanye ukutya okucutshungulwayo konke oku kusezantsi kwifayibha.
Iibhaktheriya ezithile zondla ngefiber, kwaye ngokunciphisa inani layo kwizidlo zethu, sinokuthi sitshintshe abantu bethu bentsholongwane-ukulamba ezinye iibhugi kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwabanye. Ngokufanayo, i-antibiotics inokutshintsha iintlobo kunye nemali yeebhaktheriya ezenza i-microbiome yethu ngokubulala ezinye kunye nokuthanda abanye.
Kwenye Uphononongo lwamva nje , ngaphandle kwi Indalo Kwiveki ephelileyo, uNagler kunye noogxa bakhe bathathe inyathelo elinye lokufumanisa ukuba ingaba le microbiome inokunxulunyaniswa njani nokwaliwa kukutya. Bafumanise ukuba xa iintsholongwane zesisu ezisuka kwiintsana zabantu ezisempilweni zifakwa kwiimpuku ezingenazintsholongwane, ezo mpuku zazikhuselwe kukungavisisani nobisi lwenkomo. Kodwa ukuba iimpuku zafumana ibhaktheriya kwiintsana ezazinganyangeki lubisi, iigundane zazinokungalulami ubisi, hayi oluthambileyo. Iimpuku zafumana i-anaphylaxis xa zanikwa ubisi lwenkomo okokuqala.
Singabonisa ngokucacileyo, ngokucacileyo ukuba iimpuku ezifumene i-microbiota kwiintsana ezisempilweni zikhuselwe ngokupheleleyo kwimpendulo yokungavumi, utshilo uNagler.
Abaphandi bajonge ukuba zeziphi iintsholongwane ezikhoyo kuzo zombini iimpuku ezisempilweni kunye nezingavumiyo, kwaye bafumanisa ukuba uhlobo oluthile lweebhaktiriya, olubizwa ngokuba Anaerostipes caccae , Kubonakala ngathi iyanceda ukukhusela iimpuku kwi-allergen reaction xa ikho.
Xa bethelekisa iyantlukwano kwimbonakalo yemfuba yeempuku, okanye yeyiphi imfuza ebingaphezulu okanye ingasebenzi kangako, babona umahluko kwi-epithelium yamathumbu, engumbhinqo omncinci wamathumbu amancinci namakhulu. Amanyathelo alandelayo kukufumanisa kanye ukuba yintoni Anaerostipes caccae Wenza ukutshintsha eli lining, kwaye olu tshintsho luguqula njani impendulo yomzimba.
Iziphumo ezitsha zihambelana naye kunye nabanye abasebenzisana naye: Ngo-2014 , Nagler nabanye bafumanisa ukuba iklasi yeebhaktiriya ibizwa UClostridia inokukunceda ekukhuseleni ukungabikho komzimba. (Inomdla, Anaerostipes caccae yinxalenye ye- UClostridia Olu didi lweebhaktheriya luvelisa ikhompawundi ebizwa ngokuba yi-butyrate, esisondlo esibalulekileyo se-microbiome esempilweni, undixelela.
Ngo-2015, uNagler kunye nomlingane wakhe uRoberto Berni Canani kwiDyunivesithi kaFederico II yaseNaples e-Italiya bafumanisa ukuba kukho umahluko omkhulu emathunjini eentsana zeentsana ezinokungezwani nobisi lweenkomo. Abantwana abanyamezela ubisi lweenkomo ngokulawulwa kokutya babenako amanqanaba aphezulu ebutyrate kwilindle labo, egxininisa ukuba i-butyrate inokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kukhuseleko lokungabikho komzimba.
NgoJuni 2016, uNagler waseka kunye ClostraBio , Inkampani ezinikele ekwenzeni ipilisi enokuthi iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde yenzeke, inkampani enikezelwe ukudala ipilisi enokuphinda ivelise inguqu eyenziwe ngumntu we-butyrate emathunjini. Banikwe iziphumo zabo ezithembisayo Anaerostipes caccae Utshilo ukuba ngoku banomdla wokuphuhlisa ibhaktheriya ngokwahlukeneyo njengonyango oluphilayo.
Okwangoku, akukho zinketho zininzi kubantu abanokutya komzimba. Elona cebiso lililo kukuphepha, ukunqanda, ukuthintela. Ndifunda ngokugqithiseleyo iilebheli zokutya kunye nabalindi abangcungcuthekisayo kwiivenkile zokutyela, kodwa ayisiyiyo inkqubo efanelekileyo. Ukutyhila kwam kutshanje kuxa, kwinqwelo-moya, umntu endingamaziyo onobubele wandiboleka ukuba nditshitshise umqala wam. Oko kwehla kokukhohlela kwakune soya kuyo. Kwakungemnandanga, kodwa ndinethamsanqa lokuba ukungavisisani kwam nokusongela ubomi. Kunyaka ophelileyo, intombazana eneminyaka eli-15 ubudala Usweleke kwindiza emva kokutya isandwich evela kwiPret Manger eyayinesame kuyo.
Abantu abanezigulo ezibulalayo bafuna isisombululo ngoku. Abanye bazama ukunyanga i-immunotherapy ngomlomo, ekubeka esichengeni kukutya okuncinci onokwaliwa kuko ukuze ungabi nazimvakalelo kuko. Kwi inqaku le-2018 kwi Imagazini yeSayensi , UJennifer Couzin-Frankel uxele ukuba ngaphezulu kwama-3,000 abantu kwihlabathi liphela ngoku bazama i-peanut immunotherapy kwaye obu buchule bunatyiselwa nakokunye ukutya, njengamaqanda, ubisi, kunye namandongomane emithi. Kwibala elinamashumi eminyaka lingenanto yokubonelela abaguli ngaphaya kokuthintela, i-immunotherapy iphawula utshintsho lwenyikima, uCouzin-Frankel wabhala.
Unyango aluhambanga ngokugqibeleleyo, kuba lufuna ukubhenca umntu kwinto a alejiweyo kuyo — ihlala ilwa nayo kakhulu. Ngo-2017, umntwana oneminyaka emithathu ubudala wasweleka eAlabama Ngexesha lomceli mngeni wokutya ngomlomo, kwaye kuye kwakho enye iziphumo ezibi Ngelixa inkqubo kunye needosi zichazwa.
Ngokwam, ndinokukhetha ukuthatha ipilisi elinganisa i-microbiome esempilweni kunokutya isixa esincinci se-soy kunye nomngcipheko wokuziva ulilus. Kodwa uNagler undixelela ukuba ubona naluphi na unyango olukhuthazwe yintsholongwane njengento enokusetyenziswa ecaleni kwe-immunotherapy. Ucinga ukuba ukunyamezelana kufuna zombini ukungafuneki kwaye Isithintelo esikhuselayo esibangelwa ziintsholongwane, ziziziqwenga ezibini zokudibanisa iphazili.
Ukuba ufuna ukungazithembi ngaphandle kokujongana nesithintelo sempilo esikhuselayo, awusayi kuba nengxaki, utshilo uNagler.
Ukonyuka kokuxhaphaka kokutya kokutya okunokubakho kunokuba yinto enkulu, utshilo u-Ahmad Hamad i-allergist kunye ne-immunologist kwiYunivesithi yase North Carolina Chapel Hill, owayengabandakanyekanga emsebenzini kaNagler. Kodwa wongeze wathi: I-Microbiota ibonakala ngathi iyadlala indima ekuphembeleleni uvakalelo okanye ukunyamezelana neantigen zokutya njengoko uGqirha Nagler wabonisa kakuhle kuphando lwakhe.
Undixelela ngomnye ulingo olulawulwa ngokungekho mthethweni ukufumanisa ukuba ukongeza iiprobiotic kwi-peanut oral immunotherapy kuncede abantwana bangaphenduli kwi-allergen, umzekelo weendlela ezimbini ezisebenza ngokubambisana.
Xa ndixelela abantu ngoku ukuba andidibani nesoy, bahlala bebuza ukuba kungenxa yokuba ndityile kaninzi isoya. Ndikwanazo neeseva ezingayithathiyo i-aleji yam ngokungathí sina, kuba kukho abantu abathile abaphepha isoy ngenxa yezinye izizathu zempilo ngaphandle kokungezwani nezinto ezithile.
UGupta undixelela ukuba xa wayefunda JAMA zaphuma, amajelo eendaba amaninzi agxila kwinani elinye kuphela kuyo: Ngelixa umntu om-1 kwabali-10 wayenokungavisisani nokutya, ephindwe kabini wakholwa babenokungavunyelwa kokutya, kodwa iimpawu zabo zazingadibani nenyani yokwaliwa kukutya.
Vula Umboniso wemihla ngemihla, UTrevor uNowa uphawule kuphando, esithi, Allergies: zichaphazela ubomi babantu abaninzi base-Melika. Kodwa ngokutsho kwesifundo esitsha, eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yi-hypochondria.
Into kukuba, ayinakuba yi-hypochondria kodwa endaweni yoko yenye impendulo engeyiyo i-allergy-njengokunganyamezelani. I-Allergies ziimpendulo ezivela kumajoni omzimba, ngelixa ukunganyamezelani kuyimpendulo engalunganga enokutya okuthe ngqo, kodwa hayi ngenxa yempendulo yomzimba. UGupta uthi ucinga ukunganyamezelani kuyinyani. Umzekelo, ukunganyamezelani kwe-lactose kuyinyani, kodwa kubangelwa kukusilela kwe-enzyme, hayi amajoni omzimba. Zombini uzijonga njengezinyanisekileyo, kwaye wafaka inani malunga nabo bangenazo i-allergies zokutya zokwenyani ukuba bangabagculeli, kodwa babonise ukuba bangaphi kuthi abaneziphumo ebezingalunganga emva kokutya.
Ngaba iyacaphukisa into yokuba wonke umntu ngequbuliso anayoInzondo ngokuchasene ne-gluten? Ngokuqinisekileyo. Kodwa loo nto ayithetheleli okuvakalayo njengokuchasana okukhulayo ngokuchasene neemfuno ezithile zokutya.
Xa abantu bendibuza ukuba ngaba andidibani nesoyiya kuba ndiyitya kakhulu, kuyavakala ukuba sisiphoso sam, endaweni yokuba kube yimveliso yenkqubo yokutya kunye nemicimbi yokusingqongileyo. UGupta undixelela ukuba xa ejonga i-aleji yokutya kwihlabathi liphela, kuhlala kukho ukutya okuninzi kokutya okutyiwa ngabantu rhoqo, kwaye ilizwe ngalinye linee-allergen eziphezulu. Umzekelo, eYurophu, hazelnuts sesinye sezidlo eziqhelekileyo, kodwa hayi eUnited States. Nangona kunjalo, abukho bungqina bokuba ukutya okuninzi kakhulu kwento ekhokelela ekubeni ungalungelani nayo.
Ngapha koko, ukubhencwa kwizifo eziphezulu kakhulu kunokukhusela (kwaye sisiseko sasemva kwe-immunotherapy yomlomo). Inkqubo ye- Uphononongo lweLeAP (Ukufunda kwangoko malunga nePeanut allergy) bafumanise ukuba kubantwana abangama-640 ababesemngciphekweni omkhulu wokunganyangeki kwamandongomane, abo babetya amandongomane besebancinci bathintelwa ekubeni bakhule. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba izindululo zangaphambili zokulibaziseka kokungeniswa kokutya kwe-allergenic kukutya kweentsana (okutshintshiwe kutshanje) kunokuba negalelo ekunyukeni kokutya komzimba, utshilo uHamad.
Ke ngalo mzuzu, abukho ubungqina obukhoyo bokuxhasa ukuba ukuvezwa kakhulu kukhokelela kwizigulo ze aleji, okanye luxanduva lomntu nabani na oluchasene nokutya.
UNagler uthi uyakuqikelela ukuba kwenzeke ntoni kum yinto engaphaya kolawulo lwam.
Icebisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, akunjalo? Uthi. Imfuza yakho ayikatshintshi. Indlela endinokuyichaza ngayo, ithiyori, iya kuba ithi into eyenzekileyo ukutshintsha ukwenziwa kwe-microbiome yakho ngexesha eliye lavumela umzimba wakho ukuba uqalise ukukhuthazeka koku. Isiphene esithile mhlawumbi ekusebenzeni kwesithintelo, okanye ukuphela kwabantu abasempilweni beebhaktiriya.
Akucaci ukuba i-allergies yabantu abadala iza kuhlala ixesha elingakanani. Abanye abantwana bakhula ngaphandle komzimba wabo xa bekhulile, kodwa ukuba sele ndikhulile, kuya kwenzeka ntoni? Lowo ngumbuzo omkhulu esiza kuthi sijonge ukuqhubela phambili, uxela uGupta. Ndicinga ukuba asinazo ii-cohorts zabantu abadala ezinkulu esizilandelayo ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwaye ezo ziyinyani kanye kanye yile nto kufuneka uyiqonde.
Okwangoku, abo banesifo sokunganyangeki kwabantu abadala banokugqiba ekubeni bazame i-immunotherapy yomlomo, okanye balinde de kufike iziyobisi ezinokubakho kwi-microbiome. Kude kube lelo xesha, yiba nobubele ekutyeni abahlobo bakho, kwaye ndiza kuhlala ndibukele abanye betya isuphu yemiso.
Bhalisela iincwadana zethuukufumana ezona zilungileyo zeTonic zisiwe kwi-inbox yakho.