'I-Acid King' enetyala lokuqhuba eyona Ndawo ye-LSD inkulu kwimbali

UWilliam Leonard Pickard oneminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe anesine yindoda emileyo. Uqeshwe njengomntu osebenza ngezomthetho kwifemu yezomthetho eNew Mexico, ugxile kwimeko yomsebenzi woluntu lwasePueblo lwasekhaya-iqela elinyamezelekayo apho alungiselela khona ukungavisisani, ukugxothwa, ukubambana kwabantu, kunye nezinye izinto ezenziwa mihla le. Uyakonwabela ukuhamba, ukuxhoma kwindalo, kunye nokufunda uncwadi lweVictoria ngexesha lakhe lokuphumla, elinamaqashiso emva kokuba ekhululwe ejele ngoJulayi 2020.

UPickard ngomnye wabantu ababini abagwetywe kwelona tyala likhulu lokuvelisa i-LSD kwimbali. Ilebhu yakhe, ingcwatyelwe emanqamleni e-Kansas missile silo ephethwe ngumntu owayesebenza kunye naye, u-Todd Skinner, iqulethe i-41.3kg yezinto ezifakwe kwi-LSD: ngokwaneleyo kwizigidi ezingama-400 zesitampu esicocekileyo se-lysergic acid.

Kodwa, ke ibali lihamba, mhlawumbi lihle kakhulu ukuba liyinyani. Akazange asebenze kuphela no-Skinner, amabango kaPickard, kodwa ubungakanani bokwenyani beasidi - kuhluthwe amanani ezesondo kwiArhente yokuNyanzeliswa kweziyobisi kunye nokubalwa kweekhemikhali ezihlekisayo- yayingaphantsi kwesiqingatha sekhilogram: ubuncinci kunenani ekubonakala ukuba lithathiwe , kodwa kusenokwanela ukuvula wonke umntu waseWales (kwaye uninzi lweNyakatho yeIreland).

Ngamaxabiso esitrato asondeleyo, isitokhwe esifunwa yi-DEA siya kuqhayisa ngaphezulu kwe-8 yezigidigidi zexabiso ngexabiso, isixa esidlula i-GDP nje ngegama kuqoqosho olukhulu olukhulu kwi-Afrika esemaZantsi eSahara. Nangona kunjalo i-DEA ayizange ifumane mali.

U-Pickard wagwetywa isigwebo seminyaka emibini ngaphandle kwengqawule kodwa wabhena kwityala lakhe. Ngo-2016, waphumelela isigwebo seminyaka elishumi nxamnye ne-DEA ecela iirekhodi kulowo wayeyimfihlo owaye wamnceda wamvalela. NgoJulayi 2020, iminyaka eli-17 kwisigwebo sakhe, uPickard wanikwa ikhefu lemfesane.

Konke oku kubhalwe kwincwadi entsha Ukusebenza koMvundla oMhlophe: i-LSD, i-DEA, kunye neNtshayelelo ye-Acid King , nzulu-dive eyakhelwe ukusuka kwiminyaka yotyelelo rhoqo kunye nodliwanondlebe noPickard ejele, nguDennis McDougal - intatheli eyaziwa njenge-muckraker yenombolo ye-LA ngokuveza kwakhe ihlazo lodumo kunye nomdlalo weHollywood.

UVice uthethe noMcDougal malunga nebali elingaqhelekanga le-90 ye-Acid King, indlela ekubanjwe ngayo kunye numahluko phakathi kokusebenza kwakhe kweekhemesti kunye neBreaking Bad.

Olu dliwanondlebe luhlelwe ubude kunye nokucaca.

MediaMente: Usebenze njani umsebenzi kaPickard?
UDennis McDougal: Ngokworhulumente, uPickard ungenise izinto ezingafunekiyo kunye nezinto ezisebenzayo ze-LSD kwimithombo efihlakeleyo eYurophu emva koko wapheka indawo kwizindlu ezikhuselekileyo awazenza iilebhu. Ezi zazise-Aspen, eColorado, emva koko eSanta Fe, eNew Mexico, kwaye ekugqibeleni zimbini ezahlukileyo ezilahliweyo i-Atlas missile silos kwimpuma yeKansas, ezaziphantsi kukaGordon Todd Skinner, umtyholwa wakhe owayengumcebisi.

Ngaba unayo nayiphi na ingqiqo yobungakanani be-LSD anokuthi ayivelise ngexesha lomsebenzi wakhe?
I-DEA ibanga ukuba uPickard wenze izigidi ngeedosi. Kuqala lwabo upapasho ndaba zekhampani [ekubanjweni kwakhe], iiarhente ziqhayisa ngokubamba i-41.3 kilograms ze-LSD, ezilingana ne-400 yezigidi zokubetha okuqhelekileyo: ngokwaneleyo ukunika abantu base-UK uhambo olomeleleyo amaxesha amathandathu ngaphezulu. Babanga ukuba ukubakho kwe-LSD kwehle ngama-95% kwilizwekazi laseMelika emva kokubanjwa kwakhe. Kodwa kwakungekho bungqina bokuba ubonelelo lwaluyinxalenye encinci yelo xabiso libaxekileyo.

Kwenzeka njani ukuba abanjwe?
Ngomhla wonyulo ngo-2000, i-DEA yenze umgibe kwisisele esilahliweyo se-Atlas e-Kansas, apho uPickard wayetyholwa ngokwenza i-LSD. Emva kokusebenzisa uSkinner ukurhwebesha uPickard kwisiza, iiarhente ezikhokelwa yi-DEA zikaKarl Nichols zazama ukubamba uPickard kunye no-Clyde Apperson wakhe. U-Pickard-umgijimi weembaleki-obhinqileyo, ogqitha emapoliseni, kwaye wazimela ngobhedana malunga neekhilomitha ezintlanu kude nesisele. Ngentsasa elandelayo, umnini wesitali wajika uPickard wangena.

Abanye abantu bayakhawuleza ukwenza uthelekiso phakathi kukaPickard noWalter White, ovelisa imeth chemistry genius kwi Iphula kakubi . Kukho umahluko obalulekileyo ekubeni ngumvelisi we-LSD, nangona kunjalo, akunjalo?
Ixesha elikhulu. Ukusuka ku-Owsley ukuya kuTim Scully kunye noNick Sand ukuya kugqirha uHofmann ngokwakhe, abapheki beasidi benze umgca ocacileyo phakathi kwemveliso yabo naleyo yabenzi beziyobisi abancinci. UPickard ubhale incwadi yonke, URose weParacelsus , kwisiseko esisisiseko sokuba i-LSD ingcwele ngakumbi kunesonkana esidityanelweyo sobudlelane kwaye inamandla aphindwe kabini: ipholar ejongene nendawo ephantsi ngexabiso eliphantsi athe umbulali wekristale uWalter White wayinika abathengi bayo.

Ukukhula kukaPickard kwakungaqhelekanga kumthengisi weziyobisi, naye.
UPickard kunye nodadewabo omdala bakhula becebile kwiidolophu zaseAtlanta. Utata wakhe wayeligqwetha elidityanelweyo kunye nomama wakhe wesibini osisazinzulu kula maziko amatsha oLawulo lweZifo. Wayengumfundi oqaqambileyo wezenzululwazi kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kwaye waya ePrinceton kwisifundi esipheleleyo, kodwa waphuma ngaphandle kunyaka wakhe wokuqala emva kokuba imoto nokuwela imigca yelizwe evuyisayo.

U-Pickard uchithe iminyaka embalwa elandelayo e-Connecticut kwisibhedlele sabagula ngengqondo, apho wafunyanwa njenge-narcissist. Emva kokuba emkile, wafudukela kuNxweme lwaseNtshona kwaye waba sisokhemesti esisezantsi kwi-radar kwakhona, waphinda waba ngumfundi kwiminyaka engama-20 ezayo. Ngeli xesha loburharha-athe waligqiba kwangoku-waba yinto ye-trust-fund vagabond, enqumla e-US nase-Mexico, efunda ukungena nokuphuma kurhwebo lweziyobisi ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba njengomthengisi wokwenyani, kodwa ehlala ekhulisa izakhono njengesiqhelanisi seemolekyuli.

UTodd Skinner wayelingqina eliphambili kwityala likaPickard kwaye kusolwa ukuba wayesebenza njengendoda yasekunene ye-Acid King ekusasazeni. Wayengubani ngokwenene?
UTodd Skinner wayengumthengisi weziyobisi kunye nomculi. Wadibana noPickard kwinkomfa yesayensi eSan Francisco ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, kwaye bakhawuleza babambana, ukuba babengengabo ubuhlobo. NjengoPickard, u-Skinner naye wayezithanda njenge-chemist eyazifundisayo, kude kube kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo e-Oklahoma.

Kodwa wayengekho ngaphezulu kwazo zonke iintlobo zokuthengisa iziyobisi ukusuka kwinqanaba lesitalato ukuya phezulu, kwaye wazisebenzisa yena nabahlobo bakhe njengeehagu zeguinea nanini na evelisa ikhompawundi entsha. Wasebenza ngensangu, amakhowa kunye namaqhosha e-peyote- nantoni na nayo yonke into anokuyifumana kunye nokuthengisa eyenza abantu baphakame. Ngokwendalo, wakhathazeka ngokungaphezulu okanye nangaphezulu kukaPickard, nangona wayeneminyaka engama-20 emncinci.

U-Pickard wayeqonda i-biochemistry kwinqanaba le-Skinner alisoze kwaye u-Skinner waqonda ukuba angazifumana njani izinto ezilungileyo zokuzithengisa. Yayingumdlalo owenziwe kuhlobo oluthile lwezulu okanye isihogo, kuxhomekeke kwimbono kabani.

Ngokuka-Pickard, zange kwabakho ubudlelwane-kuphela kukwaziwa ngu-Skinner ukuxhaphaza ngokudibana ne-DEA ukuzisa uPickard. U-Skinner ugcina ukuba ubudlelwane buphuma kwi-symbiosis: U-Pickard wayigqibezela inkqubo ye-LSD kwaye u-Skinner wabonelela ngendawo kunye namandla okwenza i-inventri. U-Pickard wayekwangumbono oqinisekileyo wokusasazwa ngezixhobo zakhe zaseYurophu kunye nokufikelela kwilizwe liphela. U-Pickard uyichaza yonke-ukwenziwa, ukugcinwa kunye nokusasazwa- kumnandi, kodwa i-DEA ayizange imamele kwicala lakhe lebali.

Ulusu kuye kwaba njalo kuchaziwe njengentlalontle. Wenza ntoni ukuze afaneleke ukuba achazwe?
Wasebenzisa abantu. Owona mzekelo ubalaseleyo, noluntu ngokubanzi, ungumzekelo wesoka lakhe elalisakuba ngumfazi kaKrystal Cole, owathi ungcungcuthekiswa nguSkinner, watofwa ngemichiza eyahlukeneyo engaziwayo washiya ukuba afe ecaleni kwendlela ngaseGalveston, eTexas. USkinner wagwetywa wagwetywa iminyaka engama-60 kwintolongo yase-Oklahoma, apho kulindeleke ukuba ahlale de kube ngu-2040.

U-Pickard wayeqhelene kakuhle nenani labaphandi ngeziyobisi, kubandakanya uSasha Shulgin kunye no-Rick Doblin we-MAPS. Babesondele kangakanani uPickard noSkinner kwindawo ephambili yengqondo ngela xesha?
U-Pickard wayenxibelelana nazo zonke iziphumo zamva nje kunye noluphi uphando oluncinci olwenziwa kwii-psychedelics kwii-1990s, ngaphandle kokuqhekeka okungenangqondo okwenziwe ngurhulumente wobumbano kuzo zonke izinto zengqondo. Wafunda iincwadi, walandela abaphengululi abambalwa be-psychedelic njengoShulgin, kwaye waya kwiinkomfa zesayensi. I-Skinner, kwelinye icala, ayinakukhathalela inzululwazi ye-psychedelics. Wayekude kakhulu malunga nokuzonwabisa okungabizi kakhulu anokuthi akwazi ukukufeza, ngakumbi ukuba kubandakanya ukwabelana ngesondo ngaxeshanye.

Ukufunda incwadi yakho, kubonakala ngathi uphando lwe-DEA lwaluneengxaki zokwenyani. Yeyiphi impazamo abayenzileyo ukuya kuyo?
Eyona nto yayikhanyela yayikukufihla ukuthatha inxaxheba kukaSkinner ekutyebiseni kakhulu - nasekubulaleni - omnye wabasebenzi bakhe kwisisele saseWamego, apho uPickard etyhola uLSD ngaphambi kokuba abanjwe. Ukugqithisa kubangele ukubulala umntu ngokungafunekiyo ngokuchasene no-Skinner, kodwa emva kokuba i-DEA ingqinele ubuxoki egameni lika-Skinner, ijaji yalichitha elityala ukuze u-Skinner akhululeke ukuba alale ecaleni kuka-Pickard.

Ukongeza, umtshutshisi ububambe ngokucacileyo ubungqina kunye nobungqina kukhuselo olunokuthi lumkhuphe uPickard. Ngaphaya koko, iJaji uRichard Rogers wayeneminyaka engama-80 ubudala, kwaye edidekile kwaye kufanelekile ukuba azirhoxe, kodwa wabona uzuko ngokwenza umzekelo kaPickard. Wahlala ebhentshini ephindaphinda elawula umtshutshiso kunye nokuchasana nokuziphendulela, evuthisa isigwebo sakhe sokugweba ngokunika isigwebo sobomi kunye neminyaka engama-20.

Yeyiphi imeko awayejongana nayo uPickard entolongweni?
Ndiqale ukutyelela uPickard kwintolongo yaseTucson kwiminyaka emithandathu eyadlulayo emva kwembalelwano yethu ende ye-imeyile. Liziko elikhuselekileyo elinamanye amabanjwa aziwayo, kubandakanya uBlack Panther H. Rap ​​Brown, umgulukudu uWhitey Bulger, kunye noMongameli kaMormon oxhaphaza ngokwesondo uWarren Jeffs. UPickard wabona ubungqina bokubulala ngelixa wayekhona.

Kude kube phakathi ku-2000 , ukhethe ngokukodwa ukunika ingxelo nge-LA, Hollywood, kunye nenkcubeko yosaziwayo. Yintoni ekutsalele kwityala likaPickard?
NgoJanuwari ka-2006, ndaya kwimibhiyozo yeminyaka eli-100 yokuzalwa kukaGqirha Albert Hoffman, umyili we-LSD, eBasel. Injongo yam ngelo xesha yayikukuvelisa uxwebhu malunga nembali yenkcubeko ye-LSD, ndaza ndadubula uninzi lodliwanondlebe nabantu abaziwayo be-psychedelic.

Kodwa phantse kwasekuqaleni kweprojekthi-endiyibizileyo IziKronike zeAcidi -Ndiqhubeka ndibona igama likaWilliam Leonard Pickard. Waye, ndeva, waba ngumfeli-nkolo kwisizathu se-psychedelic, kwaye wagwetywa ubomi ejele amatyeli amabini ngumgwebi waseKansas ngo-2003 ngolwaphulo-mthetho lokwenza i-LSD.

Ngokuya ndiphanda iimeko ezimalunga nokubanjwa kukaPickard, ukuthethwa kwetyala kunye nokugwetywa, kokukhona ndaye ndaqiniseka ukuba ugqibile ngokupheleleyo ngurhwaphilizo lukarhulumente. Ndiqale imbalelwano noPickard ekhokelele ngakumbi kubuhlobo, kunye nephulo lokuguqula imeko ye-DEA.

@EdPrideaux