Imifanekiso kaGettyXa u-Barack Obama eguqulela u-Chelsea Manning isigwebo seminyaka engama-35 kwiintsuku ezintathu phambi kokuphela kobongameli bakhe, ibonakalisa utshintsho kwezopolitiko-eyamkelwa ngabaxhasi bakhe kunye nabo bagxeka ixesha elide emkhosini wase-United States.
Masicace gca: U-Chelsea Manning usebenze isigwebo sejele esinzima […] iyavakala into yokuhamba-kwaye ungaxoleli-isigwebo sakhe, watsho ngesigqibo sakhe . Isenzo sika-Obama siphakamise ukuba i-United States ekugqibeleni yayizimisele, mhlawumbi, ukubala ngemikhosi yayo etshabalalisayo phesheya kolwandle, kunye nendlela inkqubo ephatha ngayo abantu abadlulayo ekhaya. Umzuzu wawunethemba kwaye uxola kuninzi ababona uManning hayi njengomngcatshi awayetyholwa ngokuba nguye, kodwa njengegorha laseMelika.
Kodwa ithemba labo-okanye inkululeko kaManning-ayizukuhlala.
Ukusukela oko waveza amaxwebhu ahleliweyo malunga ne-Iraq ne-Afghanistan ngo-2010, owayesakuba ngumhlalutyi wobukrelekrele kwezomkhosi sele eyimbutho yentshukumo ecela umngeni kumandla omkhosi wase-U.S, nokungakhathalelwa kwabantu abakumazwe ahlala ehlasela kuwo. Kodwa kwiminyaka emithathu ukusukela oko u-Obama wabhengeza u-Manning & apos; commutation, ukwangumntu ekulweni inkqubo engenabulungisa, emva kokwala ukuthobela uphando olukhulu lwejaji, isigqibo esamenza wakhululeka-kwakhona. Ukugxeka, nangona kunjalo, kubandakanya nolawulo olutsha luka-Mongameli olunobutshaba kubantu ababetha impempe kaManning's ilk, uhlala engekho njengomngcatshi.
Kungenxa yale ntiyo ukuba ngoku ubuyile emva kwezitshixo phantsi kolawulo lukaTrump kungekho zicwangciso zokuvuma ukwamkela urhulumente. Umbuzo uhleli wokuba urhulumente uza kumvumela na.
Ukuvuza Kwamaphepha oMkhosi kukhokelele kwisigwebo seminyaka engama-35
Ngo-2010, uManning wathengisa ngokungekho ngaphezulu kwama-700,000 amaxwebhu asemkhosini ahlukaniswe emkhosini e-Iraq ngokuwakhuphela kwiCD ebizwa ngokuba yiLady Gaga.
La maxwebhu aqulathe isixa esikhulu solwazi olwahlulwe ikakhulu, kubandakanya nenombolo ye ukubulawa kwabantu e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan , ividiyo amajoni ase-U.S eBaghdad ehleka njengoko babebulala kwaye benzakalise abantu, kunye nobunye ubungqina bemikhosi yaseMelika isoyikise abantu, kubandakanya nabantwana. Emva kokuba imibutho eliqela yeendaba iwavalile amaxwebhu avunyiweyo, uManning wabathumela kwi-WikiLeaks, ebeka impikiswano yelizwe.
Ngenxa yoko, ngo-2013, inkundla yomkhosi yamangalela uManning ngokwaphula umthetho we-Espionage Act, phakathi kwezinye izityholo. Ngexesha lokuvavanywa kwetyala, yena uxelele ijaji ukuba uthathe isigqibo sokwabelana ngeefayile kuba zibhala iindleko zokwenyani zeemfazwe e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan, kwaye wayecinga ukuba zinokubangela ukuba uluntu luphonononge kwakhona isidingo okanye nomnqweno wokuzibandakanya nokulwa ubunqolobi kunye nomsebenzi wokuchasana notyeshela ubunzima amandla abantu abahlala kwimeko echaphazeleka yonke imihla.
Ngaphandle kobungqina bakhe, uManning waqala ukukhonza isigwebo seminyaka engama-35 ngoMeyi ka-2010, esasinzima kakhulu wagxeka njengokugqithisileyo, xa kuthelekiswa neemeko zangaphambili ezibandakanya ukuvuza. UManning akanakuphinda akhululeke kwakhona de kube ngoMeyi 2017, kwiinyanga ezine emva kokuba uMongameli u-Obama eguqule isigwebo sakhe.
Kutheni i-Chelsea Manning ibuyile ejele
Ilizwe angena kulo uManning ngo-2017 lahluke mpela kuleyo wayeyishiye ngo-2010. Kwelinye, uDonald Trump wayengumongameli, kwaye ulawulo lwakhe lwalusele lunobundlobongela ngaphandle kwakhe-kwiintsuku nje emva kokumiselwa kwakhe, uTrump wabiza uManning ngokungabongi umngcatshi tweet .
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubonakala kokungena kwangena kwizinto eziqhelekileyo ngelixa uManning, ngokuqinisekileyo phakathi kwabasetyhini abadumileyo belizwe, bevalelwe. Ukongeza ekubeni yinxalenye yesihlwele esichasene nomkhosi, uManning wayishiya intolongo-apho wayejamelene nocalucalulo olunobukrelekrele ngokwesini ngokwe kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo -ukufumanisa ukuba sele sele eyimbalasane kumlo wamalungelo okuhambisa.
UManning wayenenyanga ezingama-22 zenkululeko ngaphambi kokuba abuyele ejele. Akazange achithe xesha, waphinda wabuya umlo, nangona ngeli xesha ekhetha indlela eqhelekileyo. NgoJanuwari 2018, wabhengeza ukubaleka kwakhe esihlalweni se-US Senate eMaryland kwi iqonga elikhulu Oko kubandakanya ukupheliswa kweentolongo kunye nokudilizwa kwe-ICE. Akazange aphumelele ukutyunjwa kweDemokhrasi, kodwa wafumana oku kulandelayo ngokusekelwe kwezopolitiko.
NgoFebruwari 2019, inkululeko kaManning yaphazanyiswa xa wabizelwa ukuba anike ubungqina phambi kwejaji enkulu kwityala likarhulumente wase-US ngokuchasene nomsunguli we-WikiLeaks, uJulian Assange. Wala.
Isichaso sakhe, uthe, asinanto yokwenza neli tyala kwaye inento yokwenza nenkqubo yejaji enkulu, ethi isebenza ngokufihlakeleyo nokunyanzelwa. Ngokungafaniyo nejaji yetyala, ityala elikhulu lejaji lenzeka ngokupheleleyo emva kweengcango ezivaliweyo, ngenqanaba eliphezulu lokumangalelwa Iipesenti ezingama-99 (yiyo loo nto igama elidumileyo, Ijaji enkulu inokuthi tyhola isandwich ). Inkqubo igxekiwe ukusilela ukubek 'ityala amapolisa. Abo babizelwe ukunikela ubungqina phambi kwejaji enkulu ayivumelekanga ukubakho kwakhe nabani na, kubandakanya igqwetha, kunye isenokungalumkiswa nokuba ngaba zithathwa njengethagethi okanye ubungqina.
Ndiyiphikisa kakhulu le subpoena, kunye nenkqubo enkulu yejaji ngokubanzi, iManning uxelelwe IWashington Post kwingxelo ngelo xesha. Siwabonile la mandla exhatshazwa amaxesha amaninzi ukujolisa kwintetho zopolitiko. Andinanto inegalelo kweli tyala kwaye andikuthandi ukunyanzelwa ukuba ndizibeke emngciphekweni ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwesi senzo sikhohlakeleyo.
Kubanjiwe manning ngendelelo yenkundla ukusukela ngoko, ngaphandle kwiveki enye ngoMeyi 2019 phakathi kwemiqathango yejaji enkulu.
Andikwazi ukucinga ukuba kuye kwabothusa abantu abaninzi ukubona ukuba urhulumente wase-US ukwazile ukufumana indlela yokuphazamisa ubomi bakhe, emva kokuhamba, utshilo uMoira Meltzer-Cohen, igqwetha likaManning.
I-Manning iya kubanjelwa lonke ixesha leenyanga ezili-18 zejaji, ngaphandle kokuba uyavuma ukunikela ubungqina, nto leyo ayinakulindeleka. Ndimlungiselele, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu kukuba uzilungiselele, ukuchitha ubuninzi beenyanga ezili-18 emva kwezitshixo ekusebenzeni kwemigaqo yakhe, utshilo uMeltzer-Cohen. Ukongeza kwixesha lokuvalelwa, uManning uhlawuliswa yonke imihla ngokwala ukunikela ubungqina: iidola ezingama-500 ngosuku elugcinweni emva kweentsuku ezingama-30, kunye ne- $ 1,000 ngosuku emva kweentsuku ezingama-60.
Iimeko zokuvalelwa kukaManning zigxekiwe, ngakumbi ngu-Nils Melzer, i-UN Special Rapporteur on Torture, owabiza iimeko zokuvalelwa kwakhe kwaye engahambelani noxanduva lwamalungelo oluntu e-United States. Ileta yoluntu . UMelzer ucele ukuba akhululwe kwangoko kunye nembuyekezo kunye nokucinywa kwazo zonke izohlwayo azifumeneyo.
UManning usebenzise iimeko ukuphikisa ngokuvakalayo yonke inkqubo yejaji enkulu. NgoJuni, wabhala phantse Ileta engama-3,000 kuMgwebi u-Anthony Trenga, oyalele ukuvalelwa kwakhe ngenkani, echaza isizathu sokuchasa kwakhe iijaji ezinkulu: ezizezi, indlela abajolise ngayo ukohlwaya amatshantliziyo kwaye, ngokokubona kwakhe, kujongela phantsi inkqubo efanelekileyo. Wabhala:
Ndiyayiqonda imbono yokuba njengembambano yoluntu, ndibambe isitshixo kwisisele sam - ukuba ndizikhulule ngokuthetha nejaji enkulu. Ngelixa ndinokubamba isitshixo sesisele sam, sigcinwe entliziyweni yokubetha kuko konke endikukholelwayo. Ukufumana eso sitshixo kwaye wenze le nto uyicelayo kum, iwonga lakho, kuya kufuneka ndisike isitshixo, oko kuya kuthetha ukubulala yonke into endiyithandayo, kunye neenkolelo ezichaze indlela yam.
Ukuzibophelela kukaManning okumangalisayo kwikhowudi yakhe yokuziphatha-ebiye yavavanywa njengejoni, umgqatswa wezopolitiko, kwaye ngoku, ummi engavumi ukunikela ubungqina-umfumene isabelo esifanelekileyo sabaxhasi ( kubandakanya Olimpempe uEdward Snowden), ukongeza kubachasi bakhe. Abokuqala babehlanganisene emva kwakhe njengoko elinde ixesha leenyanga ezili-18 lokugweba, ephehlelela uxwebhu lwezikhalazo Ufuna ukukhululwa ngamashumi amawaka e-signees kunye nokumela egameni lakhe nge-hashtag #FreeChelsea.
Ngokuka-Meltzer-Cohen, impendulo kukarhulumente ngokwala kukaManning ukunikela ubungqina ayinethuba lokuba amkholise ukuba atshintshe ingqondo. Urhulumente kunye nejaji banethuba apha lokuqonda ukuba i-Chelsea ayinakunyanzeliswa, kwaye ke kufuneka bakhululwe, kwaye ndiyathemba ukuba baya kuvuka, uthe.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uManning ushiyeke iinyanga ezisibhozo ngaphambi kokufikelela kwelona xesha liphezulu anokuthi ambambe ngalo urhulumente ngokwala ukunikela ubungqina, kodwa akucaci ukuba inkululeko yakhe iyakuqinisekiswa na emva koko. Nangona ukuze agcine uManning ejele emva kokuphela kwexesha elikhulu lokugweba, umtshutshisi kuya kufuneka afumane isiseko esitsha sokukhupha enye isupina.
Emva kokuba uMpapashi okhethekileyo uMelzer epapashe ileta yakhe egweba urhulumente wase-US ngokusebenzisa ngokuvalelwa ngenkani ngokuchasene noManning, uManning wakhupha impendulo.
Kuyandonwabisa ukubona isenzo sokuvalelwa ngokunyanzelwa sibizelwa ukuba yintoni: ayihambelani nemigangatho yamalungelo oluntu yamanye amazwe, utshilo. Nokuba ndithini, nokuba ndiyazi ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ndihlale entolongweni ixesha elide nangakumbi, andikhe ndibuye umva.