Yazi Utshaba Lwakho: Abaphuli-mthetho abahlanu abaPhezulu bemozulu kwihlabathi

Eli bali liyinxalenye Ukugubungela iMozulu ngoku , intsebenziswano kwihlabathi liphela ngamajelo eendaba angaphezu kwama-250 ukomeleza ukugubungela ibali lemozulu.

Ingxaki yemozulu ikhuthaza abantu abaqhelekileyo ukuba baye kubude obungaqhelekanga. Abahlobo bakho, oomakazi bakho nootitshala bakho abadala bezibalo - bonke bayazibamba, beqa isikolo, besitya emigqomeni befunga ukuba soze babe nabantwana, ngethemba lokuba ukwenza njalo kuya kuthintela uluntu ukuba lufe kabuhlungu kwimbalela okanye emanzini iimfazwe okanye intlekele enkulu yendalo.

Abanye abantu, nangona kunjalo, bebesenza ngokuchaseneyo ngqo. Amafutha e-fossil aqhubeka nokuqinisa umsebenzi wawo, ngaphandle kokwazi kakuhle iziphumo zokuzinzisa iimveliso zabo kwindalo engapheliyo.

Zili-100 kuphela iifemu ezinoxanduva lweepesenti ezingama-71 zerhasi ekhupha izityalo (i-GHG) ekhutshwa yimizi-mveliso ukusukela ngo-1988, ingxelo ye-2017 yiProjekthi yokuDiza iCarbon (CDP). Phakathi kwabo, ama-25 eenkampani kunye neemveliso zikarhulumente ezenza iakhawunti ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha semveliso ye-GHG ekhutshiweyo. I-CDP ithi isikali sokukhutshwa kwembali okunxulunyaniswa neenkampani sikhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba sibe negalelo elibonakalayo kutshintsho lwemozulu.

Kodwa ngubani kanye kanye onetyala? Nangona ii-CEO zisenokungabi luxanduva lwazo kumashumi eminyaka yomonakalo odalekileyo, bakwimeko engathandekiyo kuba, njengakuye nawuphi na umphathi, impunzi iyema nabo. Ekugqibeleni, kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo ukuba siza kwenza iinzame ezibonakalayo zokugcina umhlaba. Ukwamkela ezintlanu ezingcolisayo zehlabathi yindawo elungileyo yokuqala.

Amanani akweli nqaku athathwe kwingxelo ye-CDP ka-2017 kwaye zezona zininzi ezihlaziyiweyo ngexesha lokupapashwa. Siqhakamshelene nababhali bengxelo, abathe basebenza kwizibalo ezintsha, kodwa ezi zichanekile ngokwamanqanaba.

Ipesenti yokukhutshwa kwe-GHG kwimizi-mveliso: 1.98 ekhulwini
CEO kunye nosihlalo: UDarren Woods

I-ExxonMobil kuphela kwenkampani ephethe abatyali-mali kwezona zihlanu zingcolisayo ze-GHG kwihlabathi liphela, kunye neyona nkampani inkulu edwelisiweyo yeoyile. UDarren Woods waba ngumphathi wakhe ekuqaleni konyaka ka-2017 emva kweminyaka engama-24 eqinile.

UWoods uyasixhasa isiVumelwano saseParis kwaye wabhala ileta eya kuTrump emcela ukuba agcine iqela laseMelika kwisivumelwano sezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ityholwa njalo Ingxelo ye-InfluenceMap kwangoko kulo nyaka ukuba i-ExxonMobil ichithe i-41 yezigidi zeedola (i-32,9 yezigidi zeedola) ngonyaka icela ukuvimba imigaqo-nkqubo yokutshintsha kwemozulu.

Ifemi ijongene nesimangalo, esaziswe ligqwetha jikelele laseNew York kunye ne-apos; ngo-Okthobha ophelileyo, ngenxa yezityholo zokuba ilahlekise abatyali mali ngokubeka umngcipheko kutshintsho lwemozulu kwinkampani nakwimpahla yeapos. Isenzo somthetho silandele uphando lweminyaka emithathu kunye namaziko okusetyenziswa kwe-ExxonMobil kunye nokusetyenziswa 'kweendleko zommeleli' zekhabhoni ukuphendula ngokuchaphazeleka kwezoqoqosho kwimimiselo yenguqu yemozulu. Ityala lokumangalelwa lithetha ukuba ifemu ibingasoloko isebenzisa indleko ezimelwe esidlangalaleni, nokuba kungasetyenziswa ixabiso eliphantsi, elingachazwanga okanye akukho namnye.

U-ExxonMobil uchaze ukuba ityala 'alifanelanga' kwaye izityholo 'azinasihlahla' ngelo xesha.

Isithethi sixelele I-MediaMente: 'Kwiminyaka emininzi, i-ExxonMobil isebenzise iindleko zekhabhoni kumathuba otyalo-mali, apho kufanelekileyo, ukulungiselela imeko yezezimali ezinokubakho kwimigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente ezayo. Iingxelo zangaphandle ze-ExxonMobil zichaze ngokuchanekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwexabiso lekhabhoni, kwaye amaxwebhu akhutshwe ligqwetha jikelele ayenza icace le nto. '

Ityala limiselwe ukuba liqale eManhattan kwinyanga ezayo.

Ngeli xesha, uWoods uthethile ngokubaluleka kothethathethwano kunye nengxoxo, kodwa khange athathe inxaxheba kwipalamente yaseYurophu kwindibano edibeneyo yokudibana notshintsho lwemozulu ngoMatshi. Ipalamente ye-EU igqibe kwelokuba isuse iibheji zokuphembelela i-ExxonMobil, nangona kunjalo, kuba isithi inkampani ayimenywanga ngokusesikweni ukuba ibekho kwindibano.

Isithethi se-ExxonMobil sathi: 'Siyazikhaba ngaw' omane iingcamango ezilahlwe ixesha elide ezizama ukubonisa ubungqina besayensi obusemthethweni kunye nokwahluka kwiinkqubo zomgaqo-nkqubo njengokungavumi kwemozulu. Nasiphi na isityholo esinjalo siyaphikiswa yimbali, ebandakanya i-ExxonMobil & apos phantse iminyaka engama-40 yembali yophando lwemozulu eqhutywa esidlangalaleni ngokudibeneyo neSebe lezaMandla, izifundiswa kunye ne-United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

'Siyekile ukuxhasa ngemali kumaqela aliqela xa ethathe izikhundla ezixhomis' amehlo ezaziphazamisa ingxoxo ebalulekileyo malunga nomgaqo-nkqubo wemozulu kunye / okanye angaxhaswa sisayensi. Umngcipheko wokutshintsha kwemozulu ucacile kwaye kuyafuneka ukuba kuthathwe amanyathelo. Siyakholelwa ekubeni izakusithatha sonke - amashishini, oorhulumente nabantu- ukwenza inkqubela phambili enentsingiselo kwaye sifuna ukuba yinxalenye yesisombululo. Ukusukela ngo-2000 sityalile imali ezibhiliyoni ezilishumi zeedola kubuchwephesha bokukhupha ukungcola okuncinci njengokufakwa kwekhabhoni kunye ne-algae biofuels. '

Ipesenti yokukhutshwa kwe-GHG kwimizi-mveliso: 2.28%
CEO: UMasoud Karbasian

Ishishini likarhulumente, iNational Iranian Oil Co lihlabathi kunye neepos; inkampani yesibini enkulu yeoyile. Ifemi iyakwazi ukuvelisa ngaphezulu kweebhareli ezigidi ezine zeoyile ekrwada nangaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-750 zeekyubhi zegesi yendalo ngosuku.

UMasoud Karbasian wonyulwa njenge-CEO ye-NIOC ngo-Novemba we-2018, ejoyina njengoko ulawulo lukaTrump lwazisa isithintelo seoyile e-Iran. Wayekade esebenza njengo-mphathiswa wezemali e-Iran, de wade wagwetywa yipalamente ngo-Agasti ophelileyo ngenxa yokusilela ukuphendula ngokufanelekileyo kwimpembelelo yezoqoqosho e-US, eyabekwa kwakhona kwi-Iran kunye nenkqubo yenyukliya.

Ukungabonakali ngokucacileyo, bambalwa abakhankanyiweyo malunga notshintsho lwemozulu, uxanduva lokusingqongileyo kunye nokukhutshwa kunokufumaneka kwiwebhusayithi ye-NIOC. UKarbasian, nangona kunjalo, uthe ukhuseleko kwindalo esingqongileyo 'luhlobo loxanduva oluhambelana nokuziphatha, inkcubeko kunye neenkolelo zenkampani yakhe ngoJuni walo nyaka. Ucacise izicwangciso zokunciphisa umda kwindalo esingqongileyo, kubandakanya nokubeka phambili ukuthintela ngaphezulu kwemisebenzi yohlengahlengiso. I-Iran ityikitye kodwa ayisiqinisekisanga iSivumelwano saseParis.

Umbutho weSizwe waseIran awuphendulanga kwizicelo ezininzi zokubeka izimvo.

Ipesenti yamashishini ehlabathi Ukukhutshwa kweGHH: 3.91%
CEO: UAlexey Miller

Inkampani elawula irhasi yendalo elawulwa yiKremlin yiGazprom yeyona nkampani ibaluleke kakhulu kurhwebo lwaseRussia. UAlexey Miller ubenguSihlalo wekomiti yolawulo ukusukela ngo2001. Phambi koko, wayenguSekela Mphathiswa Wezamandla.

Phantsi kweliso lakhe, uGazprom waba yinkampani yokuqala yokumpompa ioyile esuka kwithala le-Arctic kwibala lasePrirazlomnoye, ekuthiwa linezigidi ngezigidi zeetoni zeoyile, ngoDisemba ka-2013. Ukucwangcisela umbhobho wegesi omkhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu kuyaqhubeka. . Umbhobho wegesi we-Nord Stream 2 uza kusuka eRashiya uye eJamani, kodwa abagxeki, kubandakanya iNkulumbuso yase-UK uBoris Johnson, uMongameli wase-US uDonald Trump kunye noMongameli we-European Council u-Donald Tusk, bayigxekile le projekthi 'njengeyantlukwano', isenza i-Jamani i-Russia. 'kunye' no-negative ', ngokwahlukeneyo.

UMiller kunyaka ophelileyo waqukwa kuluhlu lwezohlwayo e-US-into awathi wayezidla ngayo. Izigwebo zenzelwe ukuhlawulisa abantu baseRashiya kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa nokuphazamiseka konyulo.

IGazprom yayiyinkampani yokuqala yeoyile kunye negesi eRashiya ukuphuhlisa umgaqo-nkqubo wokusingqongileyo, kwaye kwiwebhusayithi yayo ithi 'ithatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuphucula ngokuqhubekekayo ukusebenza kwayo kokusingqongileyo', ngokumisela iithagethi zendalo esingqongileyo kunye nokunika abasebenzi uqeqesho olufanelekileyo.

IGazprom OAO ayiphendulanga kwizicelo ezininzi zokubeka izimvo.

Ipesenti yokukhutshwa kwe-GHG kwimizi-mveliso: 4.50%
CEO: Amin H Nasser

I-Saudi Aramco ephethwe nguRhulumente yeyona nkampani inenzuzo enkulu kwihlabathi kwaye yeyona nto ikhupha i-GHG kwicandelo lamafutha. Ifemu ibanga ukuba i-oyile kunye negesi ziya kuhlala zingundoqo ekuhlangabezaneni nemfuno yamandla ehlabathi inyukayo kuba, uNasser uthi, 'ezinye iindlela azizukulungela ukuthwala umthwalo wokubonelela ngombane owoneleyo nofikelelekayo ixesha elithile'.

Izicwangciso ze- $ 2 yezigidi zeerandi kuluhlu lweoyile enkulu zisandula ukuvuselelwa. Umrhumo wokuqala esidlangalaleni, athe iNkosana yesiXeko u-Mohammed bin Salman uthi uyakwenzeka ngo-2021, kulindeleke ukuba ube ngowona mkhulu kwihlabathi.

UNasser waba yi-CEO ye-Saudi Aramco kwi-2015 emva kweminyaka engama-33 kwinkampani. Waqala ukusebenza apho njengenjineli kwisebe lemveliso yeoyile. Uphethe isidanga sobunjineli bepetroleum kwiYunivesithi yaseKing Fahd yePetroleum kunye neMinerali eDhahran.

UNasser uthethe ngokuzibophelela kwefemu yakhe ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwegesi egreenhouse kwaye wathembisa ukuxhasa ngezobuchwephesha 'obenza izibonelelo ezibonakalayo kwindalo esingqongileyo'.

I-Aramco ayiphendulanga kwizicelo ezininzi zokubeka izimvo.

Ipesenti yokukhutshwa kwe-GHG kwimizi-mveliso: 14.32%
CEO: Urhulumente

I-China, apho ukukhutshwa kwamalahle kumelwe ngurhulumente kwaye imveliso yahlulwe yangamacandelo ombuso aphantsi korhulumente, ngumlimi kunye ne-apos eyona mveliso inkulu kunye nomthengi wamalahle. Ikwayindawo enkulu yokukhupha i-GHG, kwaye ungcoliseko lomoya lubangela ukusweleka kwangaphambi kwesigidi esiyi-1.6 sezigidi kwilizwe liphela minyaka le, ngokwengxelo yeZiko lezeMpilo eliseMelika.

I-China yatyikitya i-Kyoto Protocol ngo-1998 - kodwa yaxolelwa kwizibophelelo ezibophelelayo zokunciphisa ukungcola- kwaye yaqinisekisa isiVumelwano seMozulu sase-Paris ngo-2016. Okumangalisayo kukuba, ilizwe lahlangabezana ne-carbon carbon yayo yowama-2020 kwiminyaka emithathu phambi kweshedyuli xa yasika ikharbon diokside iyunithi nganye I-GDP ngama-46 eepesenti ukusuka kwinqanaba lika-2005 ekupheleni kuka-2017.

Nangona kunjalo, imveliso yamalahle e-China kunye ne-apos; inyuke nge-2.6 yeepesenti ukuya kwi-1.76 yezigidi zeetoni kwisiqingatha sokuqala salo nyaka, kunye nokuvunywa kweeprojekthi zolwakhiwo lwemigodi yamalahle ezitsha zonyuswe ngokuphindwe kahlanu kwangelo xesha linye. Iifoto zesethelayithi zikwabonakala zibonisa ukuba ulwakhiwo luqalisiwe kwizityalo eziphetshisiweyo zamandla amalahle kunyaka ophelileyo- intshukumo ebonisa inkolelo yokuba imveliso yamalahle kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kunganda kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa.

Umthamo welizwe ophehlwa ngamalahle ucwangciselwe ukuqhubeka nokukhula de kube kunyuka ngo-2030.

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